Academic integrity in English and writing classes
How English and writing teachers use writing process reports with essays, drafts, and in-class writing
How to tell if an essay was written with AI
A score does not settle an English teacher's AI use concerns, when the classroom expectation is to write independently. A writing process report gives you something more concrete: a record of how the essay was actually written.
A writing process report shows:
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Whether the essay was written top to bottom in one pass or revised over several sessions -
How many days and hours the student spent on it -
When outside text was pasted in, and how much -
A replay of the essay as it was written
Supporting your AI policy for writing assignments
English teachers set very different rules about AI in writing. Process Feedback doesn't decide for you whether AI is allowed. It shows how an essay was written, so you and your students can see whether the policy was followed.
| You are | Your AI policy | How Process Feedback helps |
|---|---|---|
| Middle school English teacher | Students stay away from AI tools | Students write in a writing space in the browser, even on iPads. The report shows their typing, pauses, and any pasted text. |
| High school English teacher | AI is allowed only for brainstorming | The report shows when text was pasted in, so you can see whether AI-written text entered the draft. |
| College composition instructor | Students explore AI and reflect on it | The report shows where AI text entered the essay, and students reflect on it with the AI use reflection activity. |
What to look for in a student's essay
Each section of the report answers a question English teachers often ask. Here are some of the things to look for, and what they might mean.
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The copy-paste section lists each paste, how long it was, and whether it likely came from outside the document. -
Was the essay retyped from another source? Writing linearity shows whether the student wrote straight from top to bottom with only small typo fixes, or went back to earlier parts to revise. -
How often did the student revise? Little revision isn't cheating, but it is worth checking if it aligns with your assignment expectations.
Process Feedback can be used to detect block pasting of text, retyping from other sources (top to bottom ballistic production with mostly only slight backtracks for typo corrections or synonym changes), and weak revision practices.
Dr. Colin Allen
Teaching Writing in the Age of LLMs (opens in a new tab)
Keep the take-home essay
Many writing teachers have moved essays into class or onto paper because of AI. Chris Gortmaker, who teaches English at Binghamton University, kept the take-home essay by making the writing process visible (Inside Higher Ed).
Practices from his course:
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Students may not paste outside text into their document without permission. The copy-paste table shows whether they did. -
He reviews the daily editing activity, the chart of text added and removed, and where in the document the edits happened. -
Students open their own reports and discuss them in small peer groups. -
Students plan their drafting and revision time, then reflect on how they managed it.
Process Feedback lets me establish AI-use policies that are enforceable and pedagogically sound because they lead students toward valuing the writing process and discovering their agency within it.
Chris Gortmaker, Binghamton University
Inside Higher Ed, October 2026 (opens in a new tab)
Set expectations at the start of the term
Students tend to respond better when they know from the first week that you will look at how they write, as well as what they turn in. A study of teachers and students who used Process Feedback found that students were more open to it when they saw it as useful for their own learning (Arendes, Kerkhoff, and Adhikari, 2023).
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Say which assignments allow AI and which don't. -
Early in the term, have students write in class for about 20 minutes and keep that report. It gives you and each student a reference point for how their writing develops over the term. -
Copy a syllabus statement and adapt it for your class.
Using AI to reflect on the writing process
Students can also use AI to understand how they write. Each section of a writing process report has a Copy button that copies the section's data and chart along with a reflection prompt. Students paste it into an AI chat and talk through what the data shows about their own process.
This approach is described in a 2026 abstract paper on using generative AI as a reflection partner for writing (Adhikari, Manandhar, and Paudel). The AI is used to discuss the process, and the student still does the writing.
What research says about process feedback in writing
Teaching writing as a process is an old idea. In 1972, Donald Murray argued that most of a writer's time goes into planning and rehearsing, and only a small part into putting words on the page (Teach Writing as a Process Not Product). A finished essay hides most of that work.
More recent studies look at feedback on the process itself. In a study of 65 tenth-grade students, one week of feedback based on their own keystroke data improved the quality of their texts about as much as a typical year would (Vandermeulen, Van Steendam, and Rijlaarsdam, 2022). Rianne Conijn and colleagues found that students wanted feedback on their own writing habits, such as how they divide their time between planning and revising (Computer Assisted Language Learning).
What writing teachers are saying
Teachers of writing and composition have written about how they use writing process reports in their courses.
| Type: | News Article |
|---|---|
| Source: | Chris Gortmaker |
| Published in: | Inside Higher Ed |
| Affiliation: | Lecturer in English, Binghamton University (SUNY) |
| Published: | October 14, 2026 |
| Type: | Blog Post |
|---|---|
| Source: | Dr. Colin Allen |
| Affiliation: | Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History & Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh |
| Type: | Blog Post |
|---|---|
| Source: | Prof. Steven D. Krause |
| Affiliation: | Eastern Michigan University |
| Published: | June 9, 2026 |
| Type: | Blog Post |
|---|---|
| Source: | Prof. Anna Mills |
| Published in: | LibreTexts |
| Affiliation: | English Instructor, College of Marin |
| Published: | July 8, 2025 |
Frequently Asked Questions
See it in action
See a sample student writing process report, or try it on one of your own Google Docs. It is free for teachers and students.