Peer-reviewed research publications or articles related to the Process Feedback project
Core Research
Publications that directly support the research and development of the
Process Feedback project, or to which the project was a significant
contributor.
Education Sciences 2023
Thinking beyond chatbots' threat to education: Visualizations to elucidate the writing or coding process
Badri Adhikari
This was the first peer-reviewed research publication on Process Feedback. It introduces the central idea of the tool, how it directly helps students develop metacognition, and how it respects their privacy.
Maximizing student engagement in coding education with explanatory AI
Badri Adhikari, Sameep Dhakal, and Aadya Jha
With around 200 student participants, this paper discusses an interesting finding: AI feedback features were found to be most useful for students learning to code compared to those who already have some coding experience. It also finds that female students find the AI feedback feature more helpful.
Engaging students to learn coding in the AI era with emphasis on the process
Kate Arendes, Shea Kerkhoff, and Badri Adhikari
This paper surveys several teachers and students who used Process Feedback in their classes. It finds that when tools like Process Feedback are introduced in a way that students perceive as potentially beneficial to their learning, they are more open to using them in their work.
Publications that explore similar ideas, indirectly support Process
Feedback's core research, or cite the project.
Written Communication 2022
Writing process feedback based on keystroke logging and comparison with exemplars: Effects on the quality and process of synthesis texts
Nina Vandermeulen, Elke Van Steendam, and Gert Rijlaarsdam
This research study, involving sixty-five tenth-grade Dutch students, found that implementing the process feedback approach for just one week led to an improvement in writing quality that would typically take a year to achieve. This paper was a key inspiration for the Process Feedback project.
Effort is all you need: The possibilities of writing analytics
Raymond Oenbring
This paper explores how process-based analytics can shift the focus from final writing products to the actual effort and engagement demonstrated by students during the drafting process. It argues that by making this 'hidden' labor visible, educators can better support student development and move beyond the limitations of traditional outcome-based assessment.
International Online Conference on Education Sciences (MDPI) 2026
A new approach to using generative AI as a reflection partner for writing and metacognitive learning
Badri Adhikari, Rusha Manandhar, and Arpan Paudel
Much of the cognitive work involved in writing—planning, pausing, revising, and restructuring ideas—leaves little visible evidence once a document is finished. This paper introduces a new approach that uses generative AI as a reflection partner, helping students engage with their own writing process and strengthen metacognitive learning.